一、带着小说的核心要素去归纳整理信息
很多同学都是“僵尸”式阅读，麻木的看句子，仿佛在做阅读例句！完全没有思考没有目的性！等到一篇文章阅读完毕了，可能就对最简单的句子还有点印象！至于整体概括，大脑早是一片黑！
因此，我们要求大家在阅读时要带着小说的构成要素去读，大家都知道小说的主要元素：
setting（背景）
character（人物）
conflict（矛盾）
resolution（矛盾的解决）
例：
Their house was small,for the lumber to build it had to be carried by
wagon many miles.There were four walls,a floor and a roof,which made
one room;and this room contained a rusty looking cookstove,a cupboard
for the dishes,a table,three or four chairs,and the beds.Uncle Henry and
Aunt Em had a big bed in one corner,and Dorothy a little bed in another
corner.
Uncle Henry never laughed.He worked hard from
morning till night and did not know what joy was.He was gray also,from
his long beard to his rough boots,and he looked stern and solemn,and
rarely spoke.
It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh,and saved
her from growing as gray as her other surroundings.Toto was not gray;he
was a little black dog,with long silky hair and small black eyes that
twinkled merrily on either side of his funny,wee nose.Toto played all
day long,and Dorothy played with him,and loved him dearly.
以上选自OZ的这三段中，*段通过house，wall，room等这些词我们可以很明确的看出这是setting部分的介绍。二三段主要描述人物的性格很明显是character。
因此这三段我们可以划分为：
（1）setting（2）character。
在读的过程中能够将文章进行模块划分！这样阅读完就能在大脑中对该篇小说有个清晰的框架结构！
二、各大元素的细节信息要到位
等我们把信息归类好了，这样只是对文章的思路比较清晰，要想有透彻的理解，还要将每一块的细节信息要理解，即作者通过怎么样的描述将这一模块的特征体现出来！
比如：
上述文章中的setting中描述的small house，cookstove，cupboard,table，bed这些细节描述的暗示得知家庭比较贫穷。
通过never laugh，work from morning to night，stern and solemn,rarely
spoke.这些细节的描述得知Uncle Henry是一个比较沉闷，单调的人。而laugh，play all the day,love
him这些字眼让我们看到Dorothy与Uncle完全相反的一面。Dorothy乐观，富有活力和爱心。这里两个人物性格的差异也暗示了人物间的conflict。
这样以来我们就能够清晰的描述出上文的结构
setting：
small house，cookstove，cupboard,table，bed暗示得知家庭比较贫穷。
Character：
Uncle Henry never laugh一个比较沉闷，单调的人
Dorothy play with the dog that makes him laugh
乐观，富有活力和爱心。
Conflict：
人物的性格差异。
