开头是作文在阅卷老师面前的*次亮相，它将决定你所写的文章在阅卷老师心中所留下的*印象。如果*印象好，就意味着有了良好的开端，也就成功了一半。Good beginning is half done，我们该怎样一提起笔就让自己成功一半呢?
(一)“开门见山”式开头
一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
1.对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是：Last month,my family went to Huangshan by train.It took us ten hours to get there.What a long and tiring journey!We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
2.对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money(时间和金钱)”的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time.But I don’t think so.First,when money is used up,you can earn it back，but……
(二)回忆性开头
在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget(永远无法忘记),remember(记得)，unforgettable(难以忘怀的),exciting(令人激动的)，surprising(令人惊讶的),sad(难过的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan.或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
(三)疑问性开头
在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(种树)”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees?Don’t you think planting trees is……
再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad,why not consider Singapore?
(四)倒叙式开头
在有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的结果，再陈述过程。如“Catching Thieves(捉贼)”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital.I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt.Do you want to know what happened to me?Let me tell you.It’s a…story.
文章的结尾没有固定的模式，同学们可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般情况下，记叙文和说明文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但夹叙夹议和发表观点类的文章则往往有结束语，以使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。文章结尾的形式也因文章类别和开头的风格而灵活多变。
(一)自然结尾，点明主题
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman(帮助警察)”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.
再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)”的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree,the tortoise had already been there。
(二)首尾呼应，升华主题
在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown,and I am proud of it.
(三)反问结尾，引起深思
这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如“Learning English can Give us a Lot of Pleasure(学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)”的结尾可以是：If we learn English well,we can…Don’t you think learning English is great fun?
(四)表达祝愿，阐述愿望
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers’life will be better and better.
另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes；I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year；I wish you have a good time等。
当我们坐在又大又漂亮的教室里学习的时候，我们可曾想过那些贫困、没有学上的孩子?当我们随手丢弃多余的书本时，为什么不把他们捐给希望工程呢?请根据此文所讲开头结尾的写法以及以上提示写一篇演讲稿，讲讲你是如何捐助希望工程的，并鼓励大家做些力所能及的事情帮助那些贫困家庭的孩子。要求：思路清晰，语意连贯。字数在80~100词。
佳作展示
Hello，everyone.Today my topic is about Project Hope.What a sad and serious topic it is!
First I want to ask you some questions.When you sit in the big and beautiful classroom,have you ever thought of the poor children who dropped out of school?When you throw away your useless books,why not give them to the poor children in the countryside?
Maybe your answer is“Sorry,I’ve never thought of that.”To tell you the truth,I didn’t know anything about the poor children until my teacher told me last week.I was shocked when I heard of that.I realized that we should try to help them.So I went to the post office and gave away all my pocket money to Project Hope.
So my dear friends and classmates,let’s do something to help them.Then the world will be nicer and nicer.
That’s all for today.Thank you!
