词性变化在雅思大作文中的重要性不言而喻,在上节内容中,结合剑桥真题中的考官范文,朗阁的老师已经为同学们解析了词性变化的具体规则,下面,我们再来看看“名词化”在
雅思大作文中的使用:
一、名词化在学术写作中的抽象化作用
首先,我们看一下什么叫做名词化(Nominalization)。通俗来说,名词化就是把一个单词的形容词、动词或者副词改变成它的名词方式,比如说responsible名词化后就是responsibility,recognize名词化是recognition。通过批改了大量的雅思大作文,笔者发现中国考生特别倾向使用动词和形容词,这样的使用会使作文没有那么正式。通过一个例子体验一下:
a.If the government can invest money in constructing basic facilities,it can improve the public’s life quality.
b.The investment in the construction of basic facilities contributes to the improvement of the public’s life quality.
由于主要使用了动词来构建,a句显得比较简单。相比之下,b句中的名词化使得句子看起来变得复杂了些。正是因为这些名词化使得表述更加抽象客观,因此考生要注意在雅思大作文中恰当使用一些这样的名词形式。
另外,剑桥雅思真题上的考官范文也有许多这样的例子。
例1:
The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent,shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach,thus maintaining learners’enthusiasm and progress.Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure,while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them.(剑9 TEST 1考官范文)
解析:
假设雅思大作文例子当中划横线的名词全部换成大家熟悉的其他词性,那么句子可能是这样的:
The flexible primary timetable allows for more frequent,shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach;thus learners can be enthusiastic to progress.If they are exposed to the language in their early childhood,they will command it well in later life.And learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them.
相比之下,考官范文中使用的名词化使得表达的意思更加抽象化和客观化,展现了一种正式的学术语篇。
例2:
In conclusion,I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more,and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.(剑8 TEST 3考官范文)
解析:
考生一般会背动词reduce,却会忽略它的名词词性reduction。5-6分的考生作文在表达相似意思的时候可能是In order to reduce the traffic and pollution,the government should educate the public to use public transport more…。当然,reduce的表达也是正确的,但是雅思大作文范文中使用的名词化reduction会使语句表达更简洁且抽象客观。
例3:
If the relentless advance of international brands into every corner of the world continues,these bland packages might one day completely oust the traditional objects of a nation,which would be a loss of richness and diversity in the world,as well as the sad disappearance of the manifestations of a place’s character.(剑11 TEST 3考官范文)
解析:
试想范文里的advance,richness,diversity,disappearance以及manifestations一起写成它们的非名词形式,那么这段话可能就变得简单琐碎了(…,which would make the world less rich and diverse.)。而范文中的名词化更具有概括性和抽象化。
笔者通过这些例子是想提醒考生在写雅思大作文时有名词化的意识,不要只依赖动词和形容词来构建意思。但是也不要矫枉过正,若每句话都想着用名词化的表达方式,也会使文章读起来非常拗口,影响分数。
二、词性变化在论证中的衔接作用
在雅思大作文主体段的论点论证当中,大家可能比较熟悉的衔接方式是通过代词做到句子之间的逻辑连接,但是词性变化有的时候也能让两句话的逻辑关系更为紧密。
范文:Instead,the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting.It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops.(剑5 Test 4考官范文)
解析:*句话中interact作为动词阐述父母遗传而来的特质和生活中的经历相互作用。第二句话使用了interaction这个名词阐述正是这种相互作用慢慢地塑造了一个人的个性。考官没有用到this或者it来做衔接,也没有再重复一遍interacting,而是使用了它的名词造了一个强调句,既增加了句式,也做到了衔接。
综上所述,朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师们建议烤鸭在记忆单词的时候不要浅尝辄止,应该要多了解单词的多种词性以及它们的常见搭配,这样更有利于雅思大作文词汇量的积累及展现语言使用的灵活性。另外,也需注意提升
雅思作文中名词化的意识,使表达更正式和抽象。