在备考雅思写作的时候,很多同学都更加注重大作文,而小作文呢,就很少练习,写得也不熟练。今天小编给大家整理了雅思小作文写作技巧,方便大家运用。
了解题目
总的来说,小作文的图表类型*含以下七类:柱状图、曲线图、饼状图、表格、地图、流程图,还有混合图。
而题干一般会以这样的形式展现:
“The chart/bar chart/pie chart/table/graph/diaram/map belows shows...”
题目要求通常是:
“Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.”
从以上要求中可以看出两个基本任务:
1.概括图表中的主要信息或趋势,以及描述重要数值,并做对比。
首先要进行选择,在图表内丰富的数据或内容中选择主要的、明显的特征,并对这些特征进行对比。
2.字数不少于150字。
字数少于150字会扣分,但字数也不宜过多,建议不要超过180字。因为字数比较少,所以建议大家在20分钟以内完成小作文。
学习小作文结构
通常建议同学们用3段写小作文,*括1个开头段和2个主体段。
一、开头段
开头段的内容*括改写题干和一个简单的概述。
1.改写:使用替换表达,用1句话改写题干。
2.概述:概括图表或数据的主要趋势,并体现出对比;用1-2句话,呈现1-2个特征,不用*含具体数据。
举个例子,以下小作文题目来自剑桥雅思真题集,范文由新东方在线雅思的写作老师提供图片:
题目:(C17-T3-T1)
The chart belows gives information about how families in one country spent their weekly income in 1968 and in 2018.
范文:
(改写题干)The bar chart illustrates changes in the amount of money that families in a particular nation spent on eight different categories each week between 1968 and 2018.(概述)Overall,while people allocated much less of their income to food,expenditure on housing and leisure increased significantly.
同学们可以对比原题干和例句中改写的句子,学习改写题干的方式:
改写1:gives information—illustrates
改写2:weekly—each week
改写3:in 1986 and in 2018—between 1968 and 2018
改写4:in one country—in a particular nation
另外,还可以学习例句中的概述句是如何呈现出主要特征,并体现对比。
特征1:allocated much less of their income to food
特征2:expenditure on housing and leisure increased significantly
二、主体段
小作文主体段描述的内容是具体的主体对象、数值或时间、最小值和*值,以及变化和趋势。此外,流程图需要按顺序描述生产或制作过程等。
建议同学们根据图表信息的特点将主体段分为两段,可以按主体对象分段,每段内描述一个或几个主体在不同时间的情况;也可以按时间分段,每段内描述同一时间段不同主体对象的情况。你要根据每个题目不同的特点来选择分类方式~
学习替换表达
01
改写题干
表示“展示、阐述或反映”:
illustrate,show,display,reflect
表达“变化、趋势或不同”:
change,trend,difference
表示限定的时间或范围:
from 1968 to 2018,between 1986 and 2018,during the period from 1968 to 2018
02
表达趋势
上升趋势:
increase,rise,go up,ascend,soar,surge to,rocket,grow,jump,balloon,mushroom,an increasing/increment/upward trend
下降趋势:
decrease,decline,drop,sink,fall,slide,go down,descend reduce,plummet,a decreasing/downward trend
维持平稳:
stay/remain+still/unchanged/constant/stable/steady,level off at,stabilize at,reach a plateau at,remain stable/steady at,hover at
表示“急剧地;突然地”:
sharply,steeply,dramatically,drastically,suddenly
表示“显著地;快速地”:
considerably,significantly,noticeably,remarkably,rapidly
表示“稳步地;逐渐地”:
steadily,moderately,gradually,smoothly
表示“轻微地;缓慢地”:
slightly,slowly,mildly,moderately
03
表达最值
到达最高点:
peak at,reach/hit the peak of,reach/hit the highest point at
到达最低点:
reach the bottom at,fall to its lowest point at
04
表达流程顺序
表达“阶段、步骤”的名词:
stage,step,procedure
表达流程起初步骤:
At the first/initial stage,At the beginning,During the initial phase,...is the first step,The process begins with...,Initially
表达流程中间步骤:
The second step is...,The next/following step is...,In the next step,Then,After that
表达流程末尾步骤:
The last step is...,Entering the final phase...,Eventually,Finally,Lastly
04
表达地图中位置和变化
表达位置:
be located in,lies in,be sited,be situated,location,position,site
表达方位:
in the southwest,to the north,at the top of the hill,by the river,off the road,next to,close to,near,far away from,to the right of
表达“扩大了”:
be extended,be enlarged,increase,become larger/wider
表达“缩小了”:
be reduced,decline,decrease,become smaller/narrower
表达“把...连接起来”:
link,connect,lead to,go to,have access to
表达“被取代”:
A is replaced/substituted by B;B is occupying the central area where A stood;A has gone and in its place is B;where A stood there is now B